Nauno A Cidamsak: Thawhbat

ANUNG THU

Puebla, South Central Mexico, pen Thawhbat omcilna mun hi, ci-in kikipsak aa, 8000 BC kiimin Thawhbat a omlam kiphawk khin hi, kici hi. A kigen ciangin tua mun ah 5000 BC kiim pekin Thawhbat kine zihziah khin hih tuak hi. Tua mun panin USA te in amu vala in, a gam uh ah na ciing uh aa, tua hun pen 5000 pan 4500 BC kikaal khawng hi dingin ki um hi. Tua khit kum zalom 16 sungin Spain leh mun tuamtuamte ah sumbawlte in kengin na ciing kawikawi uh aa, tua panin, leitung mun tuamtuam a kizel toto ahi hi. Kawlgam ah hong tun zia ahih leh, tuma kum 70 lai-in China gam Yunnan panin Wa minam Yanhou a kici pa in, nala in, Wa gam sung leh Kawlgam Pyin Oo Lwin te ah na ciing a, amah a masa hi dingin ki um hi. Tu in ahih leh China bek pan ahilo, gam tuamtuam panin a kila, Kawlgam sung mun tuamtuamte ah Thawhbat nam (varieties) 70 val kiciingta dingin ki ciamteh hi.

Tanglai-in Mesoamerica[1] te in Thawhbat na thupi ngaihsut masa uh hi. Aztecs a kici Mexico minam neute bangin Thawhbat ne lehang ki thahat hi, ci-in um ngiat uh hi. Thamlo in, Mexico khanglam leh America saklam ah a om Maya a kici tanglai mite bangin, a calendar uh ah, a kha 14 na pen Thawhbat kha cihnopna in ‘glyph’[2] a kici ciamtehna nam khat tawh a tuam vilvelin ciamteh liang uh hi. Tu in ahih leh a thupina leh amanphatna kithei kim ahih manin, gam tuamtuam ah kiciing kawikawi khinta hi.

Thawhbat pen Mikang pau in ‘avocado’ ci uh aa, Nahuatl pau ‘ahuacatl’ cih kammal panin a pai hi, ci citciat hi. Tua kammal ii akhiatna taktak pen, pasalte nau neih theihna kuamteng (cil leh zang) gennopna hi citciat hi. Hih tawh kisai-in a kigenna nam nih om aa, pawlkhatte in, Thawhbat pen agah en lehang cil leh zang kizom tawh kibang ahih manin, tua min a kivawh hi ding hi, ci uh hi. Ahi zongin, pawlkhatte leuleu in, Thawhbat ne lehang nu le pa omkawmna lam lunggulhna khangin, zong thahat sak baan ah nau neih theihna dingin zong thapia-ahih manin, ‘ahuacatl’ ci-in min a kivawh hi ding hi, ci leuleu hi.

Ahi zongin a lunglut huai khat ah, tanglai-in, Thawhbat ‘ahuacatl’ acih hunlai un, amanphatna leh ahoihnate thei nai hetlo ding uh hi, cinop huai hi.

AMANPHATNA

Thwhbat pen leitung bup gah le teh tawh kisai lamsang sumbawlna-ah, 1900 kiim pan kipanin a kikhawng pen 3 na ah omin, tu dong mah in, a 10 na sung bangah om den hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, cidamna dingin Thawhbatin a piak theih tam mahmah ahih man ahi hi. Thawhbat sungah potassium 975 mg bangh kihel thei-in, Nahtang sungah a kihel zah sangin tamzaw lai hi. Fiber zong 4.6 g bang kihel thei aa singgah khempeuh lak ah tam akihel penin kiciamteh hi. National Cancer Institute[3] in a ciaptehna-ah Thawhbat sungah glutathione[4] a kici dat 19 mg bang kihelin, tua dat pen pumpi-in natna khat peuh hong lut mengmeng zawhlohna dingin dalzawhna tha pia hi, ci hi. American Heart Association[5] in a ciaptehna leuleu ah, Thawhbat in LDL chloresterol[6] a hoih bek dingin keem cingin, ih gihna ahoih bek dingin keem cing hi, ci citciat hi. Thawhbat sungah cidamna ding amanpha tampitak om hi. Vitamins C, E, K, B2, B3, B6, te baan ah folate, magnesium, potassium, lutein,[7] beta carotene, omega-3 fatty acids, cih bangin kihel aa, guh le taang thakhauh sak, lunggimna tawm sak, lungtang thahat sak, cancer dal, cih bangin a tuamtuamin phattuamna piangsak thei hi.

Hih a tunga bangin Thawhbat in hong piak theih phattuamna tampi a om tawh kizui-in, mi kimin kiciingin sumbawlna ding dongin nakpi takin kizangh ahih manin, Thawhbat ciinna huhau in kiim le paam a kisiatna mun om kiukiu hi. Thawhbat huhau in a kizangh vante leh a kipuakna mawtaw (car) te panin apiang huih niin zong mun khatkhat a dingin tam khin aa, Thawhbat in tui tam deih lua-ahih manin, ama huhau aa kizangh tui zong tambeilua leh, a paak zeizai zah in zu le vate a dingin phattuamna tampia lo hi, ci-in mipilte in mu-uh hi.

Ahi zongin, Thawhbat in Zawngtah leh Limsing (Tawsaw) a kipan singkung dangte mah bangin huih siangtho khah khia in, huih niinte zangh aa, ni khatin huih siangtho 11 pan 15 lb kikaal bangh hawmkhia zo hi. A zungte in lei kicim ding daalin, lei kipsak hi. Tua-ahih manin, Thawhbat a uanglua in ki ciing gawp kei peuh leh, kiim le paam bangmah nawngkaai saklo thamlo in, kiim le paam cidamna dingin thapia zaw hi. Ahi zongin, sum bawlna dingin a mual aguam dimin a ciing a kitamna munte ah ahih leh, ama piak theih phattuamna zahin ama hangin apiang siatna zongh hawmthawh omlo cihnopna-ahi hi.

ZAT PAH THEIH DING PAWLKHAT

1.     Naupaaite leh nauneu neite in neek huai

Thawhbat pen naupai nupite a dingin ahoih mahmah baan ah, a sungah a om naungeek a dingin zongh hoih mahmah aa, nau suah zong olsakin, nau nawi zong tamsak hi, ci-in kancianna (research) bulphuh muhnate Nutrients a kici Journal ah a sawt nailo khatin kisuaksak hi. Thawhbat sungah a om potassium leh folate pen singgah dangdangte sungah a om zah sangin tamzaw tham hi. Hite nih pen gilsungah a om nau a cidamna ding ahi aa, anu a cidamna dingin ahi zongin aphamawhte ahi hi. Tua-ahih manin, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists[8]panin naupai nupite in ni khatin folate 600 mcg (microgram) bang neek huai hi, ci-in gen uh hi. Tua dungzui-in en lehang, Thawhbat pum khat sungah folate 160 mcg bang kihel thei ahih manin naupai nupite’ neek ding kisam zah ii 27% bangh Thawhbat pum khat in apia thei suak pah hi. Naupaite in a thuak khak theih tawntung uh sungpai haksa (constipation) pen Thawhbat manmanin ne den zo le uh, tua bang pianglo ding hi. Thamlo in Thawhbat sungah a om vitamin C, potassium, leh B6 te pen nau cidamna ding leh a nu cidamna dingin a kisam mahmahte ahi hi.

2.     Vun hoih nuamta’ dingin

Zogam khamtungah a omte in ih theih ciat khat; phalbi-in, vui atam hun ciang, sathau ahih keileh, Thawhbat tawh kizuut lehang, ih ci zolin, vunkeute leh, vui hangin vun a kitamte damsakin cizolsak tuam hi. Tua bangin Thawhbat tawh ih ci ih kizuut keita zongin Thawhbat ne zelzel lehang vun hoih hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, Thawhbat sungah a om, oleic acid a kici fatty acid nam khat pen Olive thau sungah zong omin, a tua hanga Olive zong cidamna dingin aminthang vengvung nahi hi. Tua oleic acid in cidamna ding phattuamna tampi apiak theih a omte lak ah, vun hoihna ding leh vun cidamna ding pen a thupi pen khat hi citciat hi. Tua-ahih manin, vun hoihna dingin, Thawhbat anuh bek hilo, nek zezel ding zong kisam hi.

3.     Gilsung cidamna

Thawhbat pum khatin fiber a kici dat 14 g bang pia thei hi. Hih fiber in gilzang sung cidamna dingin na asem lungnote khangsak thei ahih manin, gilsung cidamna dingin manpha mahmah hi. Mi athau khengval 163 tungah sinna-a kibawlna ah; pasalte Thawhbat 175 g leh numeite 140 g ta ni khatin nesak in, tua bangin kaal 12 sung ahih khitciang, Thawhbat anelo te sangin, manmanin anete sungah bile acid[9]a kicite kiam zaw thamin, gilsung cidamna ding lungno tuamtaum kibehlap zaw hi, cih mu khia uh hi. Tua bile acid te gilsungah a tam luat ciangin gilsung natna tuamtuam, a diakin gilpi cancer (ngoipi cancer/colon cancer) piang thei hi. Tua-ahih manin, gilusng cidamna dingin Thawhbat manmanin neek huai hi.

4.     Lungtangna

Thawhbat pen khum napi cikhum dat acih thamlo themcik khat bek kihel citciat hi. Tua-ahih manin, sikum zunkhum neita’ dingin neekngam huailo na ding omlo aa, thamlo in, Thawhbat manmanin ne lehang lungtang cidamna dingin thapia hi. Thawbat 100 g bang ih neek ciangin beta sitosterol[10] 76 mg bang kingah aa, tua in pumpi sungah a om cholesterol te a tamluatna ding panin dalin lungtang cidamna ding thapia hi. Kancianna akibawlna khat ah; Thawhbat in lungtang a cidamsak HDL cholesterol[11] te khangsak in, ahi zongin, LDL cholesterol te kiamsak hi, ci-in kimu khia hi. Hih LDL cholesterol te pen lungtang pan sisan ahawm khia sivui (artery) te ah kibelh in, sisan nuamtakin a kizelhna ding a khaktante ahih manin, sikhang leh lungtangna cihte piangsak thei hi. Tua-ahih manin, Thawhbat manmanin ne thei lehang, lungtang cidamna dingin zongh tha apiapia suak pah hi.

5.     Thawhbat ne leng ih thau diam?

Thawhbat sungah calories[12] tam kihelin, zong khum sim pian leh, nel didek pian ahih manin, Thawhbat ne lehang ih thau semsem kha tam, cih ngaihsut huai thu khat ahi hi. Tua tawh kisai-in kancianna tampi tak om khin aa, Thawhbat neekna hangin ki thau semsem lo thamlo in, ki thaulo zaw hi, ci-in kimu khia hi. Adiakin giltuite in, Thawhbat manmanin ne leh, a gil uh kiam zawsop ding hi. Ahang pen, tua bangin Thawhbat sungah thau theihna ding tha apia dat tuamtuam tampi a om hangin, fiber tampi kihel ahih manin, tua in thauna ding panin dal thei hi. Bangci bangin dal hiam ih cih tak ciangin, fiber in gilkial thuakzo sak ahih manin, an neek zihzeh kullo aa, tua in thauna ding panin tampi dalpah hi.

6.     Mit-tha hatsak ding

Thawhbat sungah a om lutein leh zeaxanthin[13] te pen mit cidamna dingin a kisamte hi citciat hi. Hite nih in, ih mit-te natna tuamtuam pan dal thei aa, a diakin UV light a kici, nisa sung pan apiang natnate panin daal thei hi. Thamlo in Thawhbat sungah beta carotene a om lian loh hangin, beta carotene a tamna dingin thapia in na asem thei fatty acid pawlkhat om ahih manin, Thawhbat manmanin ne lehang, a nelote sangin mit mang mawkmawk cih daan omlo zaw ding cihna-ahi hi.

THAWHBAT CIIN ZIA

Thawhbat pen ahiang pan ahi aa, amu pan ahi zongin a kiciing thei ziauziau singkung nam khat ahi hi. Leihoih leh leineel deih hi. Ahih theih lei leitang pH 5 leh 7 kikaal hileh hoih hi. A huampi-in, Thawhbat ciinna ding munin guah tui 1016 pan1270 mm bang angahna mun hileh hoih aa, khualum lua leh khuavot lua thuak zolo ahih manin nisatna 10°C pan 30°C bangh hoih hi. Ahi zongin khualumna 28°C pan 38°C dongah kiciing thei hi. Thawhbat kum khat bang aphak ciangin NPK level 1:0.5:1.5 bangin pia thei lehang hoih hi. Thawhbat pen amu ih tuh ahih leh kum 10 pan kum 15 bang aphak ciangin gah thei aa, ahiang pan a kipeh, ahih kei leh, aneu golsa a kisuan ahih leh kum 3 pan kum 5 sungin gah thei hi. Thawhbat pen kum 100 dong bangh gah zo thei aa, tua khit ciang teekta in, kum 200 pan 400 ciangciang bang nungta thei hi. May, June, July cih khate sungin kisuan, kituh thei hi.

THAWHBAT LEH APAWLTE

Thawhbat leh akibatpih singkung (tree) dangte khempeuh pen Lauraceae ci-in mipilte (Botanists) in min napia uh aa a kibang/aki innkuan/akibeh khat cihnopna ‘family’ ci uh hi. Tua nuai ah nam 50 kimu khinin, tuateng khempeuh pen beh kibang phung kidang cihnopna ‘genus (genera)’ kici hi. Tua nam 50 te, them cikcik a kilamdanna uh tawh kizui-in kikhen suk leuleu aa, a kimusa nam 2500 om suk leuleu hi. Tuate pen acii-tuam ciat cihnopna ‘species’ kici hi. Tuate meimai sungah Thawhbat zong akihel hi-in, a kine thei Thawhbat nam (varieties) 500 bangh ki mu khin hi. Kawlgam ah Thawhbat nam (varieties) 70 kiim om dingin ki um hi. Hih laibu sungah ih bulphuh pen anuai aa namte hi aa, leitungah tam a kiciing penpen namte hipah hi.

Family                    : Lauraceae

Genus                    : Persea

Species                   : americana

Scientific Name      : Persea americana Mill.

Mikang                   : Avocado

Kawl                      : Thaw-bat

Tedim                    : Thawhba

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[1] Mesoamerica pen America saklam leh Mexico a kipan mun dang lianpi ahuam, tanglai ngeina tawh kisai tangthu anei mun thupi khat ahi hi.

[2] Glyph pen lim am khat hi-in, ih gennop thu khat ahih kei leh, lungsim sungah a om khat a kimu thei dinga-a lim a lahkhiatna-ahi hi. Hih laimal pen French pau ‘glyphe’ pan apiang hi-in, a khiatna ‘kisuai ahih keileh kigelh’ cihnopna-ahi hi.

[3] National Cancer Institute (NCI) pen cancer tawh kisai kancianna (Research) nasep sep ngiatna dingin a kihong ahi hi. August 5, 1937, kumin USA kumpi Franklin D. Roosevelt in ‘National Cancer Act of 1937,’ a kici cancer tawh kisai thukhun khat zat dingin letmat a thuh ngiat na tung tawnin apiang khia ahi hi.

[4] Glutathione pen amino acid nam thum (cysteine, glutamic acid, leh glycine) tawh a kibitphuah hi aa, antioxidant hi-in, free radicle te zong susia aa, DNA zong cidam sak hi.

[5] American Heart Association (AHA) pen lungtang natna tuamtuamte koici do kik ding cih tawh kisai nasepna-ah kipawlna hi-in, leitungah lungtang cidamna ding nasepna tawh kisai ah a lianpen kipawlna zong hipah hi. 1924 kumin siavuan (lungtang lamsang a siam diak) mi 6 kipawlin aphuatkhiat uh ahi hi. Tu in ahih leh, mi teng 3 leh ½ val bangin hilai ah volunteer sem hi.

[6] LDL cholesterol pen a kicingin low-density lipoprotein a kici cholesterol ahi hi. Khat veivei‘bad cholesterol’ zong kici-in, ahoihlo cholesterol cihna-ahi hi. Ahang pen, hih LDL in ih sisan sunga cholesterol te ih pumpi tungah hawmkhia kawikawi-in, na hoih asem khat hi napi, tam deuh kha zenzen leh sivui kikhak thei aa, a manlang lungtangna (heart attack) khawng piang sak thei hi. Tawmlua leuleu leh zong hoih tuanlo (cancer, lunggimna natna, lauthawngna natna khat peuhpeuh piangsak thei) leuleu kawikawi hi.

[7] Lutein pen meel (pigment) nam khat hi-in, singteh khawng leh mehgah mehteh sung khawn-gah om thei pha deuh hi. Hih in antioxidant hihna nei-in, natna tuamtuam, a diakin, cancer leh lungtang damsak theihna zong nei hi.

[8] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) pen numeite’ cidamna lapsangna ding lunggulhna tawh 1951 kumin a kihong college ahi hi. Tua college ah, numeite cidamna ding tawh kisai sinpi leh hilh pi-in kinei pah hi.

[9] Bile acids pen acid nam khat hi-in, ih sin (liver) pan apiang ahi hi. Gilpi’ an agawina huh in, gilzang sunga-athaute zong zangh hi. Tua-ahih manin, a manpha mahmah nasep asem ahi hi. Ahi zongin hih bile acid te a om ding zah sangin tamzaw leh, natna tuamtuam piang sak pah hi.

[10] Beta sitosterol pen plant sterol zong kici-in, singkung sungah a om sterol cihna hi aa, a kibitphuah zia cholesterol tawh kibangh hi. (Sterol leuleu pen Stigmasterol khiatna kigelhna-ah kisim thei ding hi).

[11] HDL cholesterol ahih keileh High-Density Lipoprotein pen khat veivei ‘good cholesterol’ zong kici aa, ‘ahoih cholesterol’ cihnopna ahi hi. Ahang pen, lungtang cidamna dingin ahoih lamin nasem hi. Hih HDL in sathau (fat) leh cholesterol te sivui sungah hawm khia kawikawi hi.

[12] Calories pen a tomin nek theih khat peuhpeuh sungah a om thate tehna khat hi aa, calories tam a kihel phadeuh nek theih tuamtuam a om mah bangin, tam akihello zong om leuleu hi. Hih calories pen cidamna ding leh thahatna dingin a kisam mahmah hi napi, kizangh khia kei leh, athau/sathau (fat) in ih pumpi sungah kicing ahih manin, tua panin, a deih huailo natna tuamtuam piang sak hi.

[13]Zeaxanthin zong Lutein mah bangin meel (pigment) nam khat hi-in, singteh khawng leh mehgah mehteh sung khawngah om thei pha deuh hi. Hih in antioxidant hihna nei-in, natna tuamtuam, a diakin, cancer leh lungtang damsak theihna zong nei hi.