Ahawng Bek Zong Amanpha: Limsing

ANUNG THU

Mun tuamtuam ah Limsing na om kawikawi ding ahih sam hangin, ahuampi-in, leitung galpi khatna (World War I) huhau in singkung abei mangte sungah Limsing zong khatin kihel ci-in kiciamteh hi. Tua-ahih manin, galpi aven khit ciangin, amunmun panin amu ki kaaikhawm kik-kikin, a kisuan kik-kik hi aa, a taktakin Limsing bang hunin leitung ah om khin cih mipilte’ kankik na-ah ahih leh, tuma kum 300000 hun lai pekin Northern Hemisphere[1] kuam tengah om khin hi, cih ciangin kithei-in, tua mun pen Limsingte’ omsak penna mun hi ci-in, kiciamteh hi.

Tua Northern Hemisphere a kici mun pen zaipitak ahih dung zui-in, England te leh USA te in Limsingkung pen ko gam ah om masa hi, ciciat nuam uh hi. England te in kamzat tangzang khat nei uh aa, “England was built on Oak” ci uh hi. Acihnopna pen England pen Limsing tungah kilam hi, cihna-ahi hi. Tua-acih zah khatun, a tangthu-uh sim lehang, biakna, ngeina, leh khantohnate Limsing tawh tonkhawm uh ahih lam kimu thei aa, Limsing tawh kisai tangthute lak ah zong a lunglut huai pente ahi hi.

Tanglai-in Rome leh Viking[2] te ado Britain[3] te in, Limsing pen Jupiter[4] leh Thor[5] tawh kizopna nei ahih manin vanglian hi, ci-in um uh aa, gualzawhna-angah ding uh a deihna in, Limsingteh tawh kituam kawmsa in galdo uh hi. Thamlo in Limsing pen singkung dangte sangin keekin deng nuam zaw hamtang thei hi. Tua pen Britian te in, khuavaak pen pasian nam khat hi aa, tua pasian leh Limsingte ki naak zop phadeuh ahih man ahi hi, ci uh hi. Limsing tungah a lomlom a-a om thei lopate (mistletoe) pen tanglai Druidry[6] ngeina bulphuh in cinate a kibawlna-ah kizangh aa, nau nei theilote in tua mistletoe te nam le uh nau nei thei hi, ci-in ki um hi.

Thamlo in, Britain te in tanglai-in, Limsing pen leitangh ii thupha naak khat hi, ci-in um uh hi. Tua-ahih manin phalbi sung Solstice[7] leh Yule[8] hun a tun simin Limsingte mei-in tuah uh aa, Limsing tungah a om lopa bawkte tawh a innte uh zeem uh hi. Tu mahmah in zong et theih dingin a om lai, Somerset[9] ah a om Glastonbury Tor[10]a kici inn sangpi pen a kilamna-abul ah Limsing kung a ham-taak nih kizangin, ki ding khawm sak hi (A nuai ah tua ‘Glastonbury Tor’ a lim kong suaksak hi). Tuate nih pen Gog leh Magog kici aa, Lodon a keem pasiante cihnopna-ahi hi. Tua Gog le Magog pen Thor tawh kizomin vanglian mahmah hi, ci-in um uh hi.

Limsingteh pen tanglai-in Britain te in, galkap sungah gal ki donna pan gualzawhna-angahte pahtawina-apiak uh ciangin zangh uh hi. Thamlo in, galkap zakangte zong Limsingteh ahih keileh Limsingteh tawh ki bangin a kibawl, lim khat peuhpeuh tawh pahtawi uh hi. Hih ngeina pen 1914 nung siah tam zat nawnlo uh hi, kici hi. 22^nd Cheshire Regiment[11] a kici galkapte in gualzawhna khat peuhpeuh angah uh ciangin Limsingteh silh uh hi. 1743 kum lai bangh, King George II[12] galte in a sukkhak loh ding deihna tawh, a inn Limsingteh tawh kizeem sak hi. Tanglai-in, Rome galkapte leuleu in, galsung pan a mite’ khat peuh ii nuntakna ahu khia zo galkap khat peuh a om hun ciang, Limsingteh tawh a kibawl kham lukhu lim khusakin pahtawi uh hi. Tua pen ‘civic oak’ ci uh aa, minam leh gam mite a ding na kipiakna leh na hangsanna kong ciamteh uh hi, cinopna hi, ci uh hi.

Tanglai-in Limsing tawh a kibawl Queen Elizabeth gunkuang ci-in a minthang vangvang khat om ngei aa, 1991 dong kizangh thei hi. 1651 kum aa, Worcester[13] gal kido na-ah Charles II[14] in gal a lelh ciangin, tai vingvengin Limsing kawm ah kibu in suakta hi. 1660 kum, May 29 ciangin, tua Limsingin anuntakna hon khia ci-in a lungdamna in, Royal Oak Day[15] cih phuankhia hi.

1743 kum, Dettingen[16] gal kidona leuleu ah King George II a sakol kilok gawpin, tai mang hi. A cihna ding theilo ahih manin, a sakol tungpan leengkhia-in Limsing kawm ah kibu hi. Cheshire Regiment galkap khatin na huh in, na seel hi. Gal a ven ciangin a lungdamkohna in, Limsing hiang khat King George II in tua galkap pa pia hi. Tua daan pahtawina pen tu dongin a tuampian khat ciaptehna pahtawina tepawl ah ki zangh lai hi.

Limsing pen hih a tunga daanin, a vanglian leh a belhtaak cing cihnopna tawh akisai tangthu tuamtuamte tawh na kizom aa, tua dung zui mah in, amin zong Mikang pau in ‘oak’ a kici ahi hi. Oak cih ciangin ‘thahat ding’ ahih keileh ‘vanglian ding’ cihnopna hi, ci uh hi. Tua zah khatin Limsing pen tanglai-in, England bek hilo, Poland, Portugal, Germany, leh Greek te in zongh a vanglian, thahatna leh pilna-anei, singkung khat hi ci-in um uh aa, pasian khat zah in ngaihsun uh hi. Lai Siangtho sungah zongh Limsing pen ‘tawsaw’ cih min tawh tam veipi kigelh in, bukna leh teenna (Pian. 13:18), gualzawhna leh thuakzawhna (Pian. 35:4), thahatna leh vangliatna (Amos. 2:9), cihte tawh kisai ah akizatna kimu thei hi. Mi tampitak in, Topa Zeisu kikhaina sing lamteh na ngawn, Limsing hi, ci uh hi.

Thamlo in, England, Poland, Portugal, Germany, leh Greek gamte a gam lapi (national anthem) uh sungah Limsing kung etsakna kammal a kihel vive hi, kici hi. 2001 kumin gam ciaptehna sing (National Tree) dingin USA ah singkung nam 20 sung pan mee (vote) tawh teelna kha 4 sung vingveng aneih khit uh ciangin Limsing pen gam ciaptehna sing (National Tree) dingin teel uh aa, congress ah 2004 kumin kipsak hi.

AMANPHATNA

Limsing pen tui a khol zo penpen, huih siangtho tam a khahkhia zo penpen, leh azu ava in omna dingin nuam asak pen singkungte lak ah khatin kiciamteh hi. Limsing kung khatin kum khatin huih siangtho 300 lb bang khahkhia zo in, ni khatin tui gallon 50 bangh khol zo ahih manin mihing 4 bang ii diik ding a kisam huih siangtho leh dawn ding tui siangtho a sikzo suak hi. A zung khauh in thuklut aa, lei kicim ding daal hi. Limteh muat pan apiang lei hoih sungah lungno tuamtuam in busa in, nuamsa phadeuh uh hi. Limsing tungah, a zu a va om nuam deuh in, khuai kaai leh vasabute om thei phadeuh hi. UK leh Europe lamte in Limsing pan kibawl, tutphah, sabuai cih te deih phadeuh uh hi.

Tanglai-in Europe, England, leh gam tuamtuamte in Limsing gah ne uh a, tha zong om mahmah ahih lam ki nung phawk sansan hi. Druids te’ upzia leh ngeina-ah Limsing mei tawh a kihalna pan apiang vut leh meiholte pen dawi-in kihta in, dawi hanga-apiang natnate panin zongh hong damsak thei hi, ci-in um uh hi. Tanglai-in gam tuamtuamte in, Limsingteh, agah, leh ahawngte pen sungpai, gilsan, ha-na, meikang, cihte khat peuhpeuh a damna dingin kibawlna in zangh uh aa, tuhun ciangin ahih leh, moh bawlna leh coffee bawlna khawngah zongh a zangh ki om hi.

2012 kumin kancianna akibawlna khat ah, Limsing sungah awmna, tuapna, sungpai, gilna cihte a damsak thei dat (compound) pawlkhat kihel ahihna kimu khia hi. 2019 kum ciang akibawl kancianna khat leuleu ah, Limsing ahawng sungah sikum, sin, cancer, khuak (neuro) tawh kisai natna tuamtuamte, baan-ah, toxoplasma gondii a kici lungno nam khat pan apiang natnate damsak theihna ding thahatna nei hi, ci-in kimu khia hi. Hih kanciannate baan ah kancianna kinei toto aa, Limsing amanphatna leh athupina tam kimu semsemin, amanphatna kithei sansan hi. Tua-ahih manin, Limsing agah, atehte leh, akung ngiat panin a kingah thei phattuamnate genloh, ahawng bekbek panin a kingah thei phattuamna zong tampi tak om ahih lam kiphawk sansan hi. Tua hi aa, Zawngtah, Thawhbat, aa kipan Sakolkhekhap te mah bangin Limsing (Tawsaw) zong manpha in a it huai mahmah khat ahi hi.

ZAT PAH THEIH DING PAWLKHAT

1.     Ahawng pan a kingah thei phattuamnate

Limsing ahawng niliim ah keu sakin, a kigawivui pen tangtawng pekpan ngeina bulphuh zatui khatin a kizangh hi aa, tu dong ciang a kizangzang lai ahi hi. Tuhun deuhdeuh ciangin, ahawng pan akibawl coffee leh niangteh nangawn omta hi. Lim hawng pan kibawl coffee leh niangteh te in, sungpai natna damsak, cisa khuasik damsak, gawlna damsak, gilsung damsak, awmna damsak, thei hi, ci-in minthang hi. Thamlo in, leengtui-ih cih ‘wine’ pawlkhat Lim hawng pan a kibawl om aa, tuate manmanin dawn lehang ih mel no suakin, kici dam hi, ci-in ki um hi.

Lim hawng sungah tannin[17] akici dat pen 20% peuhmah kihel tawntung hi. Hih tannin te in, ih vun tungah kimat theihna tha khat nei-in, tua ih vun pan apai khia sathaute dalin, meima tuamtaum zong damsak baih hi. Tua-ahih manin tannin panin a kibawl cinuh minthang tampitak om khinta hi. Thamlo in, gilsung cidam sakin, vuut (worm) te zong gilsung pan hawlkhia thei hi. Ganhing tungah sinna-a kibawlna ah, Lim hawngin gilnatna tuamtaum apiang sak thei, a diakin E. coli a kici lungnote susia thei hi, cih kimu khia hi. Sungpai naupang mi 60 tungah, Lim hawng pan a kila khia, tannin dat kipia in, sinna kibawl aa, nai 24 sungin tua tannin dat ane naupangte anelote’ sangin nakpi takin anatna uh panin nuamtuam zaw uh hi, cih kimu hi.

Lim hawng sungah a om, ellagitannins[18] leh roburin A[19] a kici dat (compound) te in sin leh lungtang thahat sak thei-in, cancer ngahna ding zong tawmsak hi. Sin a damlo mihing 75 tungah a kisinna-ah, Lim hawng pan a kila khia-atunga dat (compound) te, kaal 12 sung aneek uh ciangin, naakpi takin a natna uh panin nuamtuam ahih lam, a nelote tawh a ki tehkaakna panin kimu hi.

Hi bangin Lim hawng bekbek panin a manpha ih ngah theih tampi om hi. Ahi zongin, hih a tunga muhna tawh kisai-in, a kicing zaw leh amuanhuai zaw kancianna- a kilamet laitak ahi hi.

2.     Ateh pan a kingah thei phattuamnate

Lim teh pen a sungah a om astringent[20] a kici dat nam khat huhau in, tuisa sungah diahin kidawn thei hi. Lim teh tua bangin dawn lehang, gilsung cidamin, sung pai’ maan sak aa, sungpaite zong damsak thei hi. Ateh sungah flavonoid[21] a kipan, anticancer a kici, cancer a leh do kik thei thahatna om hi. Tua-ahih manin, cancer natna dalin, zong damsak thei dingin lamet huai hi. Lungtang cidam sakin, Zawngtah mah bangin sikhang zong kiamsak thei aa, cisa kia sak thei hi. Thamlo in, liamna khat peuh omin, si aluan ciang, ateh tawh tuam lehang, siluang kampah hi. Hi bangin cidamna dingin ahoih Lim teh, tuisa tawh a dawn nuamte in, Lim teh, teh 4 teh 5 khawng tuisa 400cc kiim tawh themvei huanin, atui dawn ding ahi hi.

3.     Agah pan a kingah thei phattuamnate

Tanglai-in Lim gah pen an dingin kizangh hi, kici hi. UK te leh Limsingkung kizopna tangthu ih sim ciangin, tanglai-in UK ah, ni thum sung a zon uh Lim gah pen, kum khat a neek dingun kicing hi, ci-in kigelh hi. Gilpina-anei mi 23 tungah kha 2 sung a kisinna-ah, ni khatin Lim gah pan akibawl zatui 100 mg ta anete pen, gilpina zatui a dangdang anete sangin damzaw hi, ci-in kimu khia hi. Lim gah sungah antioxidant[22] leh vitamins A, E, cihte tampi kihel hi. Tua huhau in, naubu cancer anei zusa tungah kha 1 sung a kisinna-ah, Lim gah pan akibawl zatui-in tua zusa anatna pan nuamtuam sak hi, cih kimu hi. Lim gah in lungtang leh guh te thahat sakin, awm sung cidam sak aa, natna tuamtuam hong lut mengmeng zawhloh na dingin zongh dal hi. Lim gah pan a kibawl Lim thau (sathau) in, zunkhum leh, sikhang nuamtuam sak thei hi.

Hi bangin Lim gah pen gilsung natna-a damna dingin ahoih mahmah khat ahih sam hangin, a sialin neek ding hoih lo aa, a tamlua neek ding zong hoih lo hi.

LIMSING CIIN ZIA

Limsing in, lei hoih lei sia tenglo in, khualum khuavot zong lelh neilo hi. Ahi zongin, khua lumna sangin, khua votna munte ah hoih zaw hi. Tua-ahih manin aciin zia ding a lamdang diak a kisam omlo hi. Limsing a dingin khualumna 13°C pan 24°C kikaal hoih bek a, ahi zongin -23°C pan 38°C kikaal dongah nungta zo hi. Kum khatin guah tui luanna 500 pan 1000 mm bang angahna munte ah Limsing hoih nuamin, tuipi maitang pan pi 6000 kiim dongah hoih zo hi. Amu tuh nading leh ano suan na dingin leitang pH 6 pan 7.5 kikaal hoih aa, ahi zongin 5.5 pan 8 dongah ki hingsak thei hi. Ahuampi-in NPK level pen 10:5:10 ahih keileh 10:10:10 bangh Limsing suanna dingin hoih hi. Limsing khat apicing singkung khat a suakna dingin kum 5 peuhmah ngak kul aa, kum 300 pan 600 kikal bang cidam thei uh hi.

LIMSING LEH APAWLTE

Lim-sing leh akibatpih singkung (tree) dangte khempeuh pen Fagaceae ci-in mipilte (Botanists) in min napia uh aa-akibang/aki innkuan/akibeh khat cihnopna ‘family’ ci uh hi. Tua nuai ah a kikipsak khin 8 omin, tuateng khempeuh pen beh kibang phung kidang cihnopna ‘genus (genera)’ kici hi. Tua nam 8 te, them khat ciat a kilamdanna uh tawh kizui-in kikhen suk leuleu aa, tu laitak nam 927 bangh kikipsak khin leuleu hi. Tuate pen acii-tuam ciat cihnopna ‘species’ kici hi. Hih laibu sungah ih gelh Lim-sing pen hite sungah khatin akihel ahi hi. Kawlgam ah Lim-sing bang dante tam pen ding cih kithei lian nailo hi.

Family                    : Fagaceae

Genus                    : Quercus

Species                   : alba

Scientific Name      : Quercus alba L.

Mikang                   : Oak Tree

Kawl                      : Wat-ti-ciah

Tedim                    : Lim-sing

 

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[1] Northern Hemisphere a kici mun sungah North America, South America saklam, Europe, Africa saklam, leh Asia gamte kihel hi.

[2] Viking a kicih ciangin, kum zalom 8 pan 11 kikal sunga tuipi tawh khual zin kawikawi-in khua asat kawikawi Scandinavia ci-in a ki thei, Denmark, Norway, leh Sweden minamte a ki genna-ahi hi. Tembaw hoih nono nei uh aa, sumbawl siamin minthang uh hi. Amau pen Norse a kici ngeina (pasian) bia uh hi. Tua pasianin hih theihloh neilo hi, ci-in um uh hi.

[3] Britain pen Great Britain ci-in zong kithei aa, England, Scotland, leh Wales a kici gam thum genna-ah kizangh hi.

[4] Jupiter pen ni (sun) a kiimkot leitung (planets) te lak ah ni panin a 6 na hi-in, solar system ih cih ni (sun) leh apawlte sung pan a lian pen ahi hi. A dangdang planet-te sangin a zah nih valin lianzaw in, dat (gas) tawh kibitphuah aa, ni sangin them cik khat neu zaw hi.

[5] Thor pen German te’ tanglai biakna-ah pasian nam khat ahi hi. Norse akici pasian ahih keileh, upna anei pawlte in Thor pen a up leh abiak uh khat hi-in, hih Thor a kici pasianin sek (hammer) golpi khat nei-in, khua phelep leh a dangdang khuavak tawh kisai vangliatna nei-in, huihpi, guahpi, piangsak thei-in, mihingte zong a it pasian hi, ci-in um uh hi. 2021 kumin Kenneth Branagh in ‘Thor’ cih datsian (movie) khat bawlin Paramount Pictures te in hawm khiat sakin, a minthang mahmah movie khat ahi hi.

[6] Druidry pen tanglai-in a ki nakzat biakna leh ngeina khat hi aa, kiim le paam thupi ngaihsutna, khat le khat kipahtawina, cihte a ultung sak biakna leh ngeina khat ahi hi. Tu dongin hih ngeina omlai hi. Tua biakna leh ngeina-a um azui mite pen Druids kici hi.

[7] Solstice pen vantung ah ni (sun) a sang pen na mun ahih keileh, aniam pen na mun a tun lian laitak genna-ah kizangh hi. Tua lian laitak, aniam pen ahih keileh, a sang pen tawh ki zui-in, kum khat sungin ni sawt pen ni, ahih keileh ni toi (tom) pen ni, cih apiang ahi hi.

[8] Yule pen German te’ zat phalbi hun sunga pawi khat ii amin hi aa, hun khat ciangin Christmas tawh kizang khawm hi. Hun hong bei toto in, tu-hun leuleu ciangin Christmas le Yule pawi atuam ciatin kibawl kik leuleu hi.

[9] Somerset pen England ah a om mun khat hi aa, tua mun pen mual le guamte et lawmin, tangthu tuanthu tawh a kizom mun khat ahih manin, mite lunglut in a kipai nop mahmah na mun ahi hi.

[10] Glastonbury Tor pen Somerset ah a om mual hi aa, tua mun ah a kilam tau sangpi pen Glastonbury Tor kici pah hi.

[11] 22^nd Cheshire Regiment pen 1689 kum, King William III a kici kumpipa in England a uk-hun sungin akiphuan galkap phuat (group) khat ii amin ahi hi. Amau pen leilam kidona ah a kiva mahmah dingin tintan atuamin a kipiate hi uh hi.

[12] King George II pen 1727 kum pan kipan asih hun 1760 dong Great Britain leh Ireland a uk kumpi pa ahi hi.

[13] Battle of Worcester pen 1651 kum aa, England gam gam-ah apiang tualgalte lak ah atawpna gal ahi hi. Hih tualgal ah Oliver Cromwell leh apawlte in Charles II zo uh aa, tua panin Charles II a thuneihna khempeuh beita hi.

[14] Charles II pen 1660 pan 1685 sung teng England, Scotland, leh Ireland gamte a uk kumpipa ahi hi. Kumpi a sep sungin gal tuamtuam tam veipi a tuak kha khat hi aa, tuate sungah a tunga ih gen, Battle of Worcester zongh khatin kihel hi.

[15] Royal Oak Day pen ‘Royal Oak Apple Day’ ci-in zong kithei hi. Charles II abukna mun pan ciah kikin Lodon atun kik ciangin, kilungdam mahmah in, kidawn zihziah hi.Tua mun ah Charles II in, Limsingin anuntakna honkhia-ahihna thu  genin, a lungdamna teng sut aa, tua ni pen ni thupi khatin ciapteh dingin kikipsak pah in, tuni dong a kikipsak toto lai ahi hi.

[16] Battle of Dettingen pen Dettingen gal kici-in Dettingen ah apiang kidona hi aa, hih pen British kumpi ngiat gal kidona-ah kihelin gal a do a tawpna-ahi hi. Hih gal kidona-ah, British, Hanoverian, leh Austrian te kipawlin France te a do khawm uh hi-in, zo uh hi. Charles VI asih ciangin, kua in Austrian kumpi-inn lauh ding, cih kituh na pan apiang buaina-ahi hi.

[17] Tannin pen dat (compound) nam khat hi-in, singkungte, a diakin Limsingkung hawng sungah tam omin, tannin panin savun, laitui (ink), leh a dangdang a kibawl thei tampi om hi.

[18] Ellagitannins pen tannin nam khat hi-in, hydrolysis a kici tui zangin dat kipueuhna ‘reaction’ piang sak thei ahih manin hydrolyzable tannins zong akici hi aa, polyphenol sungah khat ahi hi. Hih ellagitannin pen Limsing bek hilo, a dangdang singkung lopate’ sungah zongh om thei hi. Antioxidant nam khat zong hi ahih manin, cancer leh a tuamtuam natnate dal theihna tha nei hi. Antioxidant akhiatna nunglam ah kigelh hi.

[19] Roburin A zong tannin nam khat mah ahi hi. Hih pen Limsing bek ah a om dat nam khat hi aa, hih datin natna khat peuhpeuh thuakzawhna, thahatna, leh om daan nuam (better mood) cihte piangsak thei hi.

[20] Astringent pen dat (chemical) nam khat hi-in, a kibawl tawm astringent zong tampi tak om khinta hi. Hih in ih vunte kimat sak theihna tha nei hi. Tua-ahih manin, cizol na ding, liamna khat peuh a om ciang adam baihna ding, cihte ah ki zang thei aa, tua dingin zong a kibawl tampi tak om khin hi.

[21] Flavonoid pen singkung lopa leh gah le teh tuamtuamte sungah a om na (substance) nam khat hi aa, meel (pigment) piangsakin, antioxidant theihna tha nei aa, lungtang cidam sak thei hi.

[22] Antioxidant pen mihingte’ bawltawm ahi aa, angeina (natural) in ahi zongin a om thei na (substance) khat ahi hi. Hih antioxidant in natna tuamtuam, a diakin lungtang na, cancer cih natnate ih ngah theihna dingin tha-apia free radicle (ROS) a kicite panin hong dal hi. Hih free radicle leuleu pen, atoms, molecule, leh ion cih khat peuhpeuh kizoppih neilo in a mawk omte hi aa, za teep (za-khu), x-rays, ozone, huih niin, a kipan setzung pan apiang dat (chemical) te khat peuhpeuh hangin piang thei hi. Thamlo in, ih neek ih dawn an le tuite an gawi-in a gawi khit nungah zongh thu tuamtuam hangin ROS piang thei hi.